ARABS,BERBERS OF MAGHREB-EL-AKSA,...

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Vintage-Views Antique Prints and Maps :: Antique Maps :: Africa :: Northwest Africa :: Elisee Reclus Geographical Maps of North West Africa :: ARABS,BERBERS OF MAGHREB-EL-AKSA, MOROCCO, NORTHWEST AFRICA

ARABS,BERBERS OF MAGHREB-EL-AKSA, MOROCCO, NORTHWEST AFRICA

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BERBERS, the name under which are included the various branches of the indigenous Libyan race of North Africa. Since the dawn of history the Berbers have occupied the tract between the Mediterranean and the Sahara from Egypt to the Atlantic. The origin of the name is doubtful. Some believe it to be derived from the word (barbarians), employed first by the Greeks and later by the Romans. Others attribute the first use of the term to the Arab conquerors. However this may be, tribal titles, Barabara and Beraberata, appear in Egyptian inscriptions of 1700 and 1300 B.C., and the Berbers were probably intimately related with the Egyptians in very early times. Thus the true ethnical name may have become confused with Barbari, the designation naturally used by classical conquerors. To the Egyptians they were known as Lebu, Mashuasha, Tamahu, Tehennu and Kahaka ; a long list of names is found in Herodotus, and the Romans called them Numidae, Gaetuii and Mauri, terms which have been derived respectively from the Greek vouiibs (nomads), the name Guedoula, of a great Berber tribe, and the Hebrew mahur (western). To speak of more modern times there can be enumerated the Zouaoua and Jebalia (Tripoli and Tunisia); the Chauwia, Kabyfes and Beni-Mzab (Algeria); the Shlfih (Chlouah), Amazigh and Berbers (Morocco); the Tuareg, Ainshagh, Sorgu, &c. (Sahara). These tribes have many subtribes, each with a distinctive name. Among the Azgar, an important division of the Tuareg, one of the noble or free tribes, styled Aouraghen, is said to descend from a tribe named Avrigha. The Avrigha, or Afrigha, in ancient times occupied the coast lands near Carthage, and some scholars derive the word Africa from their name . In regard to the ethnic relations of the Berbers there has been much dispute. The antiquity of their type is evidenced by the monuments of Egypt, where their ancestors are pictured with the same comparatively blond features which many of them still display. The aborigines of the Canary Islands, the Guanches, would seem almost certainly, from the remains of their language, to have been Berbers. But the problem of the actual origin of the Berber race has not yet been solved. Perhaps the most satisfactory theory is that of Sergi, who includes the Berbers in the Mediterranean Race. General L. L. C. Faidherbe regards them as indigenous Libyans mingled with a fair-skinned people of European origin. Dr Franz Pruner-Bey, Henri Duveyrier and Prof. Flinders Petrie maintain that they are closely related to the ancient Egyptians. Connection has been traced between the early Libyan race and the Cro-Magnon and other early European races and, later, the Basque peoples, Iberians, Picts, Celts and Gauls. The megalithic monuments of Iberia and Celtic Europe have their counterparts in northern Africa, and it is suggested that these were all erected by the same race, by whatever name they be known, Berbers and Libyans in Africa, Iberians in Spain, Celts, Gauls and Picts in France and Britain. Medieval Arab genealogists divided the Arabs into three groups: * the "ancient Arabs", tribes that had been destroyed or vanished, such as Ad and Thamud; they are often alluded to in the Qur'an, and Bible as examples of God's power to destroy wicked peoples. * the "Pure Arabs" of South Arabia, descending from Qahtan. The Qahtanites (Qahtanis) are said to have migrated the land of Yemen following the destruction of the Ma'rib Dam (sadd Ma'rib). The Qahtanite Arabs were responsible for the ancient civilizations of Yemen, notably including that of the Sabaeans (known in the Bible as Sheba.) * The "Arabized Arabs" (musta`ribah) of North Arabia, descending from Adnan, supposed to be a descendant of Ishmael (Ismail), the eldest son of Abraham and Hagar, through Kedar. MAP IDENTIFIES , BERBERS, HERATIN, BLACK BERBERS, ARABS ,1890s HISTORICAL RELIEF MAP CHART SHOWING TERRAIN, TOPOGRAPHY, ENVIRONS,

Published for Elisee Reclus Universal Geography

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SKU	0823k5-fig163b
Quantity in stock	1 item(s) available
Price:	US$15.00

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