ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE, TYCHO BRAHE-...

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Vintage-Views Antique Prints and Maps :: Antique Prints :: Scientific :: Astronomy :: ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE, TYCHO BRAHE- MURAL QUANDRANT, MERIDIANKREIS ,1894 Original Antique Wood Engraving

ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE, TYCHO BRAHE- MURAL QUANDRANT, MERIDIANKREIS ,1894 Original Antique Wood Engraving

A Meridiankreis is an astronomical telescope, which around an axle lying in east west in Meridianebene is freely swivelling (i.e. one can swivel it only upward or down), and with which the highest conditions of a star as well as the time of the Meridiandurchgangs with largest accuracy (under 0.05 seconds) is assignable. At the time of the Meridiandurchgangs of a star thereby the position at a large pitch circle is readable. Work on the Meridiankreis In addition an observer sits at the eyepiece and gives to a second observer at the correct time an indication, whereupon this makes then the reading of the coordinates. Later this error-prone process was replaced by a photoelectric registration of the star transit. The Meridiankreis was of the first half 19. Century until far in 20. Century inside one of the main instruments for the anglemeasuring astronomy. Already 1704 by the Danish astronomer Ole of Romans built, taken place the general acknowledgment “rota meridiana” only over 100 years later. 1803 built Johann George Repsold a Meridiankreis for its private observatory on the Albertusbastion, which were until 1811 a singular astronomical instrument and were only exceeded after 1820 by the instruments by realm brook. After the occupation of Hamburg by the Frenchmen the barrier plants were again fastened, and the observatory had to be torn off. The 1812 taken apart Meridiankreis became from C.F. Gauss bought up for 1300 Taler and 1818 in Goettingen set up. TYCHO BRAHE was the preeminent observational astronomer of the pre-telescopic period, and his observations of stellar and planetary positions achieved unparalleled accuracy for their time. For example, Tycho measured Earth's axial tilt as 23 degrees and 31.5 minutes, which he claimed to be more accurate than Copernicus by 3.5 minutes. After his death, his records of the motion of the planet Mars enabled Kepler to discover the laws of planetary motion, which provided powerful support for the Copernican heliocentric theory of the solar system. Tycho himself was not a Copernican, but proposed a system in which the Sun orbited the Earth while the other planets orbited the Sun. His system provided a safe position for astronomers who were dissatisfied with older models but were reluctant to accept the Earth's motion. It gained a considerable following after 1616 when Rome decided officially that the heliocentric model was contrary to both philosophy and Scripture, and could be discussed only as a computational convenience that had no connection to fact. His system also offered a major innovation: while both the geocentric model and the heliocentric model as set forth by Copernicus relied on the idea of transparent rotating crystalline spheres to carry the planets in their orbits, Tycho eliminated the spheres entirely. He was aware that a star observed near the horizon appears with a greater altitude than the real one, due to atmospheric refraction, and he worked out tables for the correction of this source of error. To perform the huge number of products needed to produce much of his astronomical data, Tycho relied heavily on the then-new technique of prosthaphaeresis, an algorithm for approximating products based on trigonometric identities that predated logarithms.

Published for Joseph Meyer Meyers Konversations

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SKU	0527663k6
Quantity in stock	1 item(s) available
Price:	US$15.00

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